Strange 'Methuselah' Star Looks Older Than the Universe (2024)

Strange 'Methuselah' Star Looks Older Than the Universe (1)

The oldest known star appears to be older than the universe itself, but a new study is helping to clear up this seeming paradox.

Previous research had estimated that the Milky Way galaxy's so-called "Methuselah star" is up to 16 billion years old. That's a problem, since most researchers agree that the Big Bangthat created the universe occurred about 13.8 billion years ago.

Now a team of astronomers has derived a new, less nonsensical age for the Methuselah star, incorporating information about its distance, brightness, composition and structure.

"Put all of those ingredients together, and you get an age of 14.5 billion years, with a residual uncertainty that makes the star's age compatible with the age of the universe," study lead author Howard Bond, of Pennsylvania State University and the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, said in a statement. [Gallery: The Methuselah Star Revealed]

The uncertainty Bond refers to is plus or minus 800 million years, which means the star could actually be 13.7 billion years old — younger than the universe as it's currently understood, though just barely.

Strange 'Methuselah' Star Looks Older Than the Universe (2)

A mysterious, fast-moving star

Bond and his team used NASA's Hubble Space Telescopeto study the Methuselah star, which is more formally known as HD 140283.

Scientists have known about HD 140283 for more than 100 years, since it cruises across the sky at a relatively rapid clip. The star moves at about 800,000 mph (1.3 million km/h) and covers the width of the full moonin the sky every 1,500 years or so, researchers said.

The star is just passing through the Earth's neck of the galactic woods and will eventually rocket back out to the Milky Way's halo, a population of ancient stars that surrounds the galaxy's familiar spiral disk.

The Methuselah star, which is just now bloating into a red giant, was probably born in a dwarf galaxy that the nascent Milky Waygobbled up more than 12 billion years ago, researchers said. The star's long, looping orbit is likely a residue of that dramatic act of cannibalism.

Strange 'Methuselah' Star Looks Older Than the Universe (3)

Distance makes the difference

Hubble's measurements allowed the astronomers to refine the distance to HD 140283 using the principle of parallax, in which a change in an observers' position — in this case, Hubble's varying position in Earth orbit — translates into a shift in the apparent position of an object.

They found that Methuselah lies 190.1 light-years away. With the star's distance known more precisely, the team was able to work out Methuselah's intrinsic brightness, a necessity for determining its age.

The scientists also applied current theory to learn more about the Methuselah star's burn rate, composition and internal structure, which also shed light on its likely age. For example, HD 140283 has a relatively high oxygen-to-iron ratio, which brings the star's age down from some of the earlier predictions, researchers said.

In the end, the astronomers estimated that HD 140283 was born 14.5 billion years ago, plus or minus 800 million years. Further observations could help bring the Methuselah star's age down even further, making it unequivocally younger than the universe, researchers said.

The new study was published last month in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Follow Mike Wall @michaeldwall.Follow us@Spacedotcom,FacebookorGoogle+. Originally published onSPACE.com.

Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com.

Strange 'Methuselah' Star Looks Older Than the Universe (4)

Mike Wall

Senior Space Writer

Michael Wall is a Senior Space Writer withSpace.comand joined the team in 2010.He primarily covers exoplanets, spaceflight and military space, but has been known to dabble in the space art beat.His book about the search for alien life, "Out There," was published on Nov. 13, 2018. Before becoming a science writer, Michael worked as a herpetologist and wildlife biologist. He has a Ph.D. in evolutionary biology from the University of Sydney, Australia, a bachelor's degree from the University of Arizona, and a graduate certificate in science writing from the University of California, Santa Cruz. To find out what his latest project is, you can follow Michael on Twitter.

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Strange 'Methuselah' Star Looks Older Than the Universe (2024)

FAQs

Strange 'Methuselah' Star Looks Older Than the Universe? ›

The Universe is precisely dated at 13.8 billion years old, but astronomers claim the Methuselah star is 14.5 billion years old.

Is the Age of the Methuselah star inaccurate? ›

The uncertainty for the estimate of the age of the Methuselah Star is ±0.8 billion years, meaning the actual age of the star is somewhere between 13.65 and 15.25 billion years. (More technically, there is a 70% chance that the actual age of the star is within that range, and a 30% chance that it is outside of it.

Is there a star that is older than the universe? ›

The Methuselah Star, HD 140283, was first noticed for rapidly approaching Earth, but now its fame comes from its extreme age. The star HD 140283 has been called the "Methuselah star" for its extreme age. At an estimated over 14 billion years old, it's the oldest star we know, at least within our galaxy.

How many light years away is the Methuselah star? ›

The curious star is located some 190 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Libra and it rapidly journeys across the sky at 800,000 mph (1.3 million kilometers per hour). Fast facts: – Methuselah covers the width of the moon in the night sky every 1,500 years.

How do they know the universe is 13.7 billion years old? ›

We do not know the exact age of the universe, but we believe that it is around 13 billion years - give or take a few billion. Astronomers estimate the age of the universe in two ways: (a) by looking for the oldest stars; and (b) by measuring the rate of expansion of the universe and extrapolating back to the Big Bang.

Does the strange Methuselah star look older than the universe? ›

And yet, we know how stars work, and astronomers have estimated the age of the Methuselah star, found right here in the Milky Way, to be 14.5 billion years old: significantly older than the cosmos itself. Clearly, you can't have a star within the Universe that's older than the Universe itself.

What does the Bible say about the age of the universe? ›

Concerning the age of the Earth, the Bible's genealogical records combined with the Genesis 1 account of creation are used to estimate an age for the Earth and universe of about 6000 years, with a bit of uncertainty on the completeness of the genealogical records, allowing for a few thousand years more.

Could the universe be older than we think? ›

But what if the universe was actually even older than scientists believed? Well, it turns out that it might be much older. A new study by scientists at the University of Ottawa suggests that the universe is actually twice as old as we previously thought, at around 26.7 billion years old.

What object is older than the universe? ›

One such datum is the existence of a star with an age reported to be older than the cosmos itself. This star is called the Methuselah star, named after the biblical patriarch.

What is the oldest planet in the universe? ›

How old is the oldest known planet? Almost as old as the universe, it turns out. At 12.7 billion years old, planet Psr B1620-26 B is almost three times the age of Earth, which formed some 4.5 billion years ago.

What existed before the universe? ›

The initial singularity is a singularity predicted by some models of the Big Bang theory to have existed before the Big Bang. The instant immediately following the initial singularity is part of the Planck epoch, the earliest period of time in the history of our universe.

How old will the universe be when it dies? ›

In about 100 trillion years, the last light will go out. The bad news is that the universe is going to die a slow, aching, miserable death.

What is the real age of the universe? ›

Before 1999, astronomers had estimated that the age of the universe was between 7 and 20 billion years. But with advances in technology and the development of new techniques we now know the age of the universe is 13.7 billion years, with an uncertainty of only 200 million years. How did this come to be?

What is the most accurate age of the universe? ›

But with advances in technology and the development of new techniques we now know the age of the universe is 13.7 billion years, with an uncertainty of only 200 million years.

Could we be wrong about the age of the universe? ›

It's long been believed that the Universe is 13.8 billion years old. But there was a puzzle for many scientists, because some early stars seemed too well formed to fit that timeline.

Could the age of the Earth be wrong? ›

Relative Dating Pushed Earth's Age into Billions

Layers can be rearranged, bent, or contain inconsistencies. However, stratigraphy yields no exact age for those layers or events. Relative dating did not give scientists the exact number they were looking for.

Is astronomy one of the oldest sciences True False? ›

Astronomy is the oldest of the natural sciences, dating back to antiquity, with its origins in the religious, mythological, cosmological, calendrical, and astrological beliefs and practices of prehistory: vestiges of these are still found in astrology, a discipline long interwoven with public and governmental astronomy ...

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